Final answer:
Meiosis I is the reduction division and Meiosis II is the equational division. Meiosis I reduces the chromosome number by half, while Meiosis II separates sister chromatids to produce four unique haploid cells. Option 1 is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Meiosis I is called the reduction division because it reduces the number of chromosomes in the resulting cells to half, producing haploid cells from a diploid cell. Meiosis II is referred to as the equational division because it involves the separation of sister chromatids without a further change in the number of chromosomes, resulting in four unique haploid cells.
Specifically, meiosis I reduces the ploidy level from diploid to haploid by separating homologous chromosomes, and thereby is termed a reduction division. Meiosis II resembles mitotic division since sister chromatids are pulled apart during this phase, thus, it is considered an equational division as it equates the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells.
Meiosis I is called the reduction division and meiosis II is called the equational division. In meiosis I, homologous chromosome pairs are separated and the resulting cells are haploid. In meiosis II, sister chromatids are separated, resulting in four unique haploid cells.