Final answer:
Vesicles in pigment cells utilize the dynein motor protein system for movement within the cell periphery. Motor proteins kinesin and dynein move cargo like pigment vesicles along microtubule tracks, with dynein being key in pigment concentration changes in cells and kinesin for anterograde transport of neurotransmitters in neurons.
Step-by-step explanation:
Some vesicles in pigment cells use the dynein motor protein system in the cell periphery. These motor proteins, including dynein and kinesin, are ATPases which use ATP hydrolysis to move cargo such as vesicles containing pigments or neurotransmitters along microtubule tracks within the cell. Pigment vesicles in skin cells, for example, use these motor proteins to disperse or aggregate, contributing to changes in skin color like those observed in chameleons adapting to their environment.
Transport within neurons is another well-understood example. In this case, motor proteins are essential for the movement of neurotransmitter vesicles along axons. Specifically, kinesin proteins power anterograde transport from the neuron cell body to nerve endings, while the dynein motor protein, as part of a dynactin complex, handles the retrograde movement. The intricate dance of these motor proteins is critical for the transmission of neural signals and overall cellular function.