Final answer:
The state of equilibrium in actin microfilaments when the addition and removal rates of monomers are equal at opposite ends is called treadmilling. Option 2 is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The state of equilibrium where the rate of addition of actin monomers to a microfilament at its (+) end is equal to the rate of removal at its (-) end is referred to as treadmilling. This occurs because of the non-equilibrium nature of actin polymerization, which is catalyzed by ATP.
The dynamic nature of actin filaments involves polymerization at the (+) end where ATP-bound actin adds more rapidly, while ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP at the (-) end, leading to depolymerization. Treadmilling allows actin filaments to appear stationary overall while monomers cycle through polymerized and depolymerized states.
The state of equilibrium where the rate of addition of actin monomers to a microfilament at its (+) end is equal to the rate of removal at its (-) end is referred to as Treadmilling. Treadmilling is a dynamic process in which actin monomers are constantly added at one end of the microfilament while simultaneously being removed at the other end.