Final answer:
The protein required for the cleavage of newly formed clathrin-coated vesicles from the plasma membrane is Dynamin. The correct answer is option 1.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process you're inquiring about involves the receptor-mediated endocytosis, which is a sophisticated mechanism that enables cells to ingest specific molecules from their exterior environment through the formation and internalization of vesicles. During this process, the protein clathrin plays a key role in coating the plasma membrane during the formation of coated pits – these are areas where the membrane invaginates to capture extracellular substances.
The severing and release of these newly formed clathrin-coated vesicles from the plasma membrane requires the action of dynamin, which is a GTPase. This protein wraps around the neck of the budding vesicle and, through GTP hydrolysis, constricts and pinches off the vesicle from the membrane.
Therefore, the correct answer to your question is option 1) Dynamin. It is the protein required for the cleavage of newly formed clathrin-coated vesicles from the plasma membrane during receptor-mediated endocytosis.