Question

What complications are associated with total parenteral nutrition?

a) Hyperglycemia and liver dysfunction
b) Hypoglycemia and pulmonary embolism
c) Renal failure and sepsis
d) Anaphylaxis and hypocalcemia

Answer 1

Complications associated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) include hyperglycemia and liver dysfunction, renal failure and sepsis, and anaphylaxis and hypocalcemia.

Step-by-step explanation:

Complications associated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) include:

1. Hyperglycemia and liver dysfunction: TPN can lead to high blood sugar levels, which may cause hyperglycemia. Additionally, long-term TPN use can lead to liver dysfunction.
2. Renal failure and sepsis: TPN can increase the risk of renal failure, especially if there is pre-existing kidney disease. It can also increase the risk of sepsis, a serious infection that can spread throughout the body.
3. Anaphylaxis and hypocalcemia: Although uncommon, allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) can occur in response to TPN components. TPN can also lead to low calcium levels (hypocalcemia) due to decreased absorption and increased excretion.