Final answer:
Variable decelerations in fetal heart rate (FHR) can have various causes, and nursing treatment depends on the specific cause. In the case of umbilical cord compression, changing the maternal position can relieve the compression and improve FHR.
Step-by-step explanation:
Variable decelerations in fetal heart rate (FHR) can have various causes, and nursing treatment depends on the specific cause. The options provided in the question are:
- Umbilical cord compression; change maternal position
- Maternal hypotension; administer IV fluids
- Uteroplacental insufficiency; administer oxygen
- Fetal head compression; prepare for vacuum extraction
To determine the correct answer, we need to consider each option and its associated cause:
- Umbilical cord compression: This can occur if the umbilical cord becomes compressed, restricting blood flow to the fetus. In this case, changing the maternal position can relieve the compression and improve FHR.
- Maternal hypotension: Low blood pressure in the mother can reduce blood flow to the placenta and result in decreased FHR. Administering IV fluids can help raise the mother's blood pressure and improve blood flow to the fetus.
- Uteroplacental insufficiency: Inadequate blood flow from the uterus to the placenta can lead to decreased FHR. Administering oxygen can improve oxygenation of the fetus.
- Fetal head compression: Compression of the fetal head can temporarily decrease FHR. If this is the cause, preparing for vacuum extraction may be necessary to facilitate delivery.
Based on the information provided, the correct option would be umbilical cord compression; change maternal position as it addresses the cause of variable decelerations in FHR.