Final answer:
Nurses should know that nosocomial infections in neonates can be prevented by handwashing and hygiene protocols, unlike some early-onset infections which are contracted during childbirth. Late-onset neonatal meningitis has various sources and is linked to preterm births or maternal fever. Diagnosing neonatal meningitis requires specific tests with a treatment regime that includes β-lactam antibiotics.
Step-by-step explanation:
With regard to the classification of neonatal bacterial infection, nurses should be aware that nosocomial infection can be prevented by effective handwashing; early-onset infections cannot. Early-onset neonatal meningitis is typically contracted during childbirth, particularly from S. agalactiae in the mother's vagina. Prophylaxis with intravenous antibiotics during labor can significantly reduce the incidence of this infection. However, not all early-onset infections can be prevented in this way, as the maternal flora and neonate's exposure during birth are complex.Late-onset neonatal meningitis, occurring between 1 week and 3 months of age, has various potential sources, often unidentified, but is associated with higher risk in preterm births or mothers who had a fever. Preventative measures for nosocomial infections, such as handwashing, use of antiseptics, and strict adherence to cleanliness protocols, can significantly reduce the risk of infections like puerperal sepsis, a type of infection that can occur post-childbirth.Diagnosis of neonatal meningitis is confirmed through a variety of tests, including cultures and PCR. Treatment generally includes β-lactam antibiotics, but mortality rates still stand at approximately 10% for infected neonates. Awareness and prevention strategies are crucial in managing the risks associated with neonatal infections.