Final answer:
The Three Cueing Systems model's key limitation is the underemphasis of phonological processing in word recognition, which is essential for effective decoding and literacy skills.
Step-by-step explanation:
A significant shortcoming of the Three Cueing Systems model, compared to the Four-Part Processing Model, is that it obscures the role of phonological processing in word recognition. Phonological processing refers to the use of sound to process words, including recognizing words based on their sound patterns. When students rely too heavily on semantic cues (meaning) and context, they may not develop the necessary skills to decode words phonologically, which is crucial for accurate and fluent reading.
The Three Cueing Systems model puts an emphasis on meaning (semantics), syntactics (grammar), and context to understand the text, while the Four-Part Processing model integrates these aspects plus phonological cues. As evidenced by Craik and Tulving's experiments, semantic encoding, linked to meaning and understanding, often leads to better retention of information. However, for word recognition specifically, phonological processing is essential. It involves decoding the sounds of language and is a foundational skill for literacy development.