Final answer:
Hypernatremia is an elevation of blood sodium levels and can result from water loss or hormonal imbalances. The mnemonic 'SALT' does not accurately describe features of hypernatremia. Symptoms can include seizures, lethargy, and thirst.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hypernatremia is characterized by an abnormal increase of blood sodium levels, which can exceed 145 mmol/L. This condition can occur due to inadequate water intake or excessive water loss, leading to hemoconcentration of blood constituents. Contributing factors include hormonal imbalances involving antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone. It is essential to take note of the symptoms associated with hypernatremia to manage the condition appropriately.
When thinking of hypernatremia and its mnemonic 'SALT', none of the provided options (a, b, c, d) fully capture the clinical manifestations or causes of hypernatremia. However, terms related to the condition can include seizures, lethargy, and thirst, which reflect neurologic symptoms and dehydration that can accompany high sodium levels. Other related symptoms not listed in the mnemonic options might include confusion, muscle twitching, or weakness.