Final answer:
Prevention measures for Hepatitis A include the use of vaccines (Havrix, Twinrix) and immunoglobulin (IG) for post-exposure prophylaxis. Vaccines confer active immunity postnatally, while IG provides passive immunity post-exposure.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hepatitis A prevention measures include the use of the vaccines Havrix or Twinrix and immunoglobulin (IG) for post-exposure prophylaxis. Havrix solely provides protection against Hepatitis A, while Twinrix is a combined vaccine that protects against both Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B.
IG, or immunoglobulin, is a preparation that provides artificial passive immunity and is administered as a preventative measure after potential exposure to Hepatitis A. The vaccination provides active immunity through the body's own immune response to the antigens in the vaccine. Vaccinations like Havrix and Twinrix are given postnatally (after birth) to induce this active immunity. In contrast, IG is given for passive immunity because it involves the direct transfer of antibodies, rather than triggering the body's own immune response.
The correct answer to the question would be option (c): Vaccination with Havrix and Twinrix, IG for post-exposure prophylaxis, both given postnatally for passive immunity. However, it should be noted that the phrase 'for passive immunity' is not accurate for vaccines which, as mentioned, confer active immunity. The IG provides passive immunity, whereas the vaccines provide active immunity.