Final answer:
The injury to the client's heel was probably caused by shear force, which occurs when skin layers slide in opposite directions, as might happen if the heel was stationary due to friction while moving the rest of the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
The force that caused the injury to the client's heel while being moved up in bed is likely due to shear force. Shear force occurs when layers of skin slide over one another or over deeper layers of tissue, typically caused by a combination of pressure and parallel forces moving in opposite directions. In this scenario, as the client was being moved, the heel might have stayed in place due to friction with the bed while the rest of the body moved upward, causing the tissue layers to move differently and resulting in a shear injury. It's crucial to use proper techniques and possibly assistive devices when moving clients in bed to reduce the risk of shear injuries. Furthermore, examples such as a 75-kg man exerting an upward force through the Achilles tendon when standing on his toes emphasize the various forces acting on the body during movement.