Final answer:
In the judicial system, affirm means agreement with the lower court's decision, while reverse means disagreement and overturning the decision. The higher court has the power to affirm, reverse, or modify parts of the lower court's opinion in a case.
Step-by-step explanation:
a. Affirm means that the higher court agrees with what the lower court did. b. Reverse means that the higher court disagrees with what the lower court did and overturns its decision. c. The higher court can only affirm or reverse, there are no other options. d. A higher court may affirm part of the opinion while modifying another part of the opinion from the same case. For example, the Supreme Court may affirm a lower court's decision on one issue but modify or reverse it on another issue within the same case.