Final answer:
The treatment for Phenylketonuria (PKU) requires a low-phenylalanine diet to prevent harmful build-up of phenylalanine in the body due to the lack of enzyme activity necessary for its breakdown.
Step-by-step explanation:
Treatment for Phenylketonuria (PKU) includes a low-phenylalanine diet. Individuals with PKU lack sufficient activity of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is crucial for metabolizing phenylalanine into tyrosine. Since those with PKU cannot adequately convert phenylalanine to tyrosine, a buildup of phenylalanine can cause damage to the brain and central nervous system. To manage this condition, patients must adhere to a diet that limits foods high in phenylalanine, such as certain animal products and starches, and completely avoid artificial sweeteners like aspartame that contain high concentrations of phenylalanine. Early diagnosis and strict adherence to this diet are essential in preventing the neurotoxic effects of excess phenylalanine. The prescribed diet helps to reduce the symptoms and risk of intellectual disabilities associated with PKU.