Final answer:
The major problems with early serial processing systems were scheduling and memory management. Memory management was particularly challenging due to hardware limitations and the need for meticulous management of available memory resources.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two major problems with early serial processing systems were scheduling and memory management. The correct answer to the question is (a) Memory management. In early computing systems, effectively managing memory was a significant challenge due to the limitations in hardware and the need to meticulously manage the small amounts of memory available. This involved problems such as memory fragmentation, allocation, and ensuring that each process running on the system had enough memory to execute properly without interference.
On the other hand, scheduling refers to the allocation of processor time to various tasks. In serial processing systems, where one task is processed at a time, scheduling was crucial to ensure that jobs were completed in an orderly and efficient manner. Improper scheduling could lead to inefficiencies and long wait times for processes to be executed.