Final answer:
The nurse should encourage the client to void to promote the descent of the fundus, which is typically at or slightly above the level of the umbilicus 12 hours postpartum. A fundus above this level may indicate a full bladder, which can hinder proper uterine contraction and involution.
Step-by-step explanation:
If the nurse assesses the fundus of a client 12 hours after delivery of a newborn and finds it to be approximately 1cm above the umbilicus, the appropriate action would be C. Encourage the client to void to promote fundal descent. Typically, within the first 24 hours after birth, the uterus should contract and begin to involute, whereby the fundus descends at a rate of about 1–2 cm per day. By the 12th hour postpartum, the fundus is usually at or slightly above the level of the umbilicus. A fundus above this level could indicate that the bladder is distended, which may inhibit the uterus from contracting properly. It is essential to ensure that the bladder is not full as a full bladder can displace the uterus and interfere with involution. If the fundus is boggy or the uterus is not contracting well, fundal massage (D. Massage the fundus to facilitate involution) might be necessary, as it stimulates contractions and helps the uterus to firm up. However, this is only if, upon palpation, the fundus is soft or not well contracted. Documenting the findings alone (A. Document the findings, as this is within the expected range) would not be sufficient intervention if the uterus is not at the expected level of involution. Administering pain medication (B. Administer pain medication to alleviate discomfort) may be necessary for discomfort but does not directly address the position of the fundus or promote its descent.