Final answer:
The '5 Ts' of congenital cyanotic heart disease include several defects like truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great vessels, tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, and patent ductus arteriosus. These congenital conditions lead to cyanosis and may require surgical treatment. The answer is all options a,b,c and d.
Step-by-step explanation:
Congenital cyanotic heart disease refers to a group of congenital heart defects that result in poor oxygenation of the blood, leading to a bluish tint to the skin and mucous membranes (cyanosis). Among these conditions are four commonly referred to as the '5 Ts':
- Truncus arteriosus - a condition where a single blood vessel comes out of the heart and supplies the systemic, pulmonary, and coronary circulations.
- Transposition of the great vessels - a condition where the two main arteries leaving the heart are reversed.
- Tetralogy of Fallot - a combination of four heart defects including a ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, an overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
- Tricuspid atresia - the absence of a tricuspid valve leading to no direct connection between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
- Patent ductus arteriosus - a persistently open connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which normally closes soon after birth.
A patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale are other conditions that can cause cyanosis, but they are not typically classified under the '5 Ts.' The Tetralogy of Fallot is a major contributor to cyanosis in newborns and can severe symptoms and a noticeable impact on growth and development. Treatment for these conditions varies but often includes surgical interventions.
Hence, The answer is all options a,b,c and d.