Final answer:
Diuretics are the most likely treatment for CHF symptoms in PDA patients, as they help to manage fluid overload by increasing urine production. Beta-blockers and lifestyle changes are also key in managing CHF, while antibiotics and anticoagulants may be used in specific circumstances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) symptoms in a patient with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) often involves managing fluid overload and improving cardiac function. Considering the options provided, diuretics are most likely to be used in this scenario. Diuretics help to reduce the fluid volume in the body, relieving symptoms such as shortness of breath and edema that are associated with heart failure.
This is achieved through increased urine production by the kidneys, particularly affecting the loop of Henle where the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- is inhibited. Other treatments, such as beta-blockers and lifestyle changes like a reduction in salt intake and a supervised exercise program, are also crucial in managing CHF. Antibiotics would not typically be used in the treatment of CHF unless there is an underlying infection, and anticoagulants may be used in certain cases to prevent thromboembolic events. Cardiologists are the specialists typically involved in diagnosing and prescribing appropriate medication for heart failure.