Final answer:
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) is treated with phosphate binders and vitamin D supplements. These treatments aim to manage phosphate levels and correct vitamin D deficiencies, key factors in bone health for CKD patients.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) Treatment
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) is associated with imbalances in calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone levels, leading to bone and cardiovascular issues. Treatment focuses on phosphate binders to lower high phosphate levels and vitamin D supplements to correct deficiencies and manage the disorder. Iron supplements are often used to treat anemia associated with CKD but not the mineral and bone disorder itself. Antibiotics and Vitamin C are not direct treatments for CKD-MBD.
The role of phosphate binders is to decrease the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, whereas vitamin D supplements aid in the correct absorption of calcium, despite the body's resistance in conditions like CKD-MBD. These supplements are critical because vitamin D at ordinary doses does not relieve the disease, which is sometimes referred to as vitamin D resistant rickets.
Mechanical stress, vitamin K, and minerals such as magnesium all support bone health, but it is the specific management of phosphate and vitamin D levels that are key in CKD-MBD treatment. Therefore, the correct answer for treating Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder is D) Phosphate binders and Vitamin D supplements.