Final answer:
Florence Nightingale established the first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration during the Crimean War, leading to significant medical reforms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration was established by Florence Nightingale. During the Crimean War, Nightingale led a team of nurses and utilized meticulous data collection to analyze the causes of illness and death among soldiers. Her analyses and findings spurred significant reforms in the system of medical care provided by the British military, and her work laid the foundation for professional nursing. Nightingale's dedication to improving sanitary conditions and healthcare systems changed the face of nursing and positioned her as a pioneer in the field.