Final answer:
Congenital bronchial atresia is the condition characterized by a bronchus that is present without lung tissue, a type of physiological dead space, not associated with heart defects like patent ductus arteriosus.
Step-by-step explanation:
A rare congenital malformation characterized by the presence of a bronchus without any lung tissue is known as congenital bronchial atresia. This condition is usually associated with other congenital abnormalities, and it represents an instance where the bronchial structure is present but without the accompanying lung tissue for proper gas exchange, also referred to as a physiological dead space. This condition should not be confused with other congenital heart defects like patent ductus arteriosus or tetralogy of Fallot, which are abnormalities related to heart structures and function.