Final answer:
Ascites in patients with cirrhosis is diagnosed through physical examination, ultrasound, blood tests, and analysis of ascitic fluid. Treatment options include dietary changes, diuretics, paracentesis, and TIPS procedure. Complications may include infections, hepatorenal syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ascites in Patients with Cirrhosis: Clinical Assessment and Management
Ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, is a common complication of cirrhosis. To diagnose ascites in patients with cirrhosis, several tests may be performed, including:
- Physical examination
- Ultrasound
- Blood tests (e.g., liver function tests, complete blood count)
- Analysis of the ascitic fluid obtained through an abdominal paracentesis
Treatment options for ascites in patients with cirrhosis focus on managing the underlying cirrhosis and reducing fluid accumulation. These options may include:
- Dietary changes to restrict sodium intake
- Diuretic medications to enhance urine output and reduce fluid retention
- Paracentesis to drain the excess fluid from the abdomen
- Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure to redirect blood flow and alleviate portal hypertension
Complications related to ascites in cirrhosis patients may include:
- Infections, such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
- Hepatorenal syndrome (kidney dysfunction)
- Hepatic encephalopathy (brain dysfunction)