Final answer:
The denture base is the component of the full denture that fits over the alveolar ridge and surrounding gingival area, providing support, stability, and retention for the denture.
Step-by-step explanation:
The component of the full denture that fits over the alveolar ridge and surrounding gingival area is the Denture base. The denture base is the part of the denture that is in direct contact with the oral tissues, including the alveolar ridge and the gingiva. It provides support, stability, and retention for the denture.