Final answer:
The axilla is padded in the lateral position to protect neurovascular structures and reduce pressure injury risk, provide support and maintain proper positioning of the shoulder joint, and ensure stabilizing ligaments remain unharmed.
Step-by-step explanation:
The axilla or the armpit is padded in the lateral position primarily for the purpose of protecting the neurovascular structures that pass through this region and to reduce the risk of pressure injury when a patient is immobilized or is undergoing surgery. The pectoral girdle muscles, including muscles that stabilize the shoulder girdle like the clavicle and scapula, are vital for the range of motion and support of the upper limb. When lying in a lateral position, the padding under the axilla also alleviates pressure from the shoulder joint.
The axillary region contains important components such as nerves and blood vessels that supply the upper limb. The clavicle acts as a strut, supporting the shoulder joint superiorly and laterally away from the body trunk, which facilitates freedom of movement and also acts as a protective barrier for underlying structures. Padding helps maintain proper anatomical position and prevents compression of these components, which could lead to complications like nerve palsy or compromised blood flow.
The radial collateral ligament and other structures surrounding the elbow, such as the annular ligament that encircles the head of the radius, are supported while in a lateral position. This not only aids in the stability of the joint but also in the prevention of overextension or undue stress on the ligaments that could lead to injury.