Final answer:
Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in neurons. It is an active transport process that plays a critical role in transmitting signals between nerve cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
Exocytosis is a process where vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents to the outside of the cell. In neurons, exocytosis plays a critical role in transmitting signals between nerve cells. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a neuron, it stimulates the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles through exocytosis. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the post-synaptic neuron, allowing the signal to be transmitted. Exocytosis is an active transport process since it requires energy to move vesicles towards the plasma membrane and fuse with it. It is a regulated process that allows neurons to precisely control the release and communication of neurotransmitters.