Final answer:
The Nullification Crisis of 1832 was sparked by South Carolina's refusal to enforce federal tariff laws and the assertion of the doctrine of nullification, which led to a significant constitutional clash between state and federal authorities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Nullification Crisis of 1832 was mainly caused by two factors. First, South Carolina's refusal to enforce federal tariff laws, which came after a series of tariffs that they saw as detrimental to their economy, primarily the Tariff of 1828 and the Tariff of 1832.
The crisis escalated when the Ordinance of Nullification was passed by South Carolina, declaring the tariffs null and void within the state, and President Andrew Jackson responded with a proclamation against this move, eventually leading to the passing of the Force Bill which authorized the use of military force to enforce federal laws.