Final answer:
The quote "A government created by the people, for the people, shall not perish from this earth" refers to a democratic form of government, where citizens have the power to govern themselves, either directly or through representatives.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phrase "A government created by the people, for the people, shall not perish from this earth" is closely associated with the concept of democracy. This idea reflects a system of government where power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives. The direct quote is from Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, and it underscores the principle that in a democracy, the citizens play a critical role in governing themselves, as opposed to other forms of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a few or a single ruler.
In an oligarchy, a small group of elite people hold political power, which is contrary to the democratic principles implied by the quote. A monarchy typically involves a single ruler who governs based on hereditary right or divine right, and this can be either a constitutional monarchy where the monarch's powers are limited by law, or an absolute monarchy where the monarch has unrestricted power. Totalitarianism is another non-democratic form of government where the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life.