Final answer:
The central idea in the second part of the passage is that the king of Egypt during the Middle Kingdom period took measures to protect his people and maintain the harmony in the kingdom.
Step-by-step explanation:
The central idea in the second part of the passage is that the king of Egypt during the Middle Kingdom period took measures to protect his people and maintain the harmony in the kingdom. The passage states that the king saw himself as a shepherd trying to protect his people and emphasized their humanity. The nobles had more power and played important political roles in the kingdom. This suggests that the king worked towards the welfare and safety of the people.