Final answer:
Long-term stress can lead to depression, which has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease. Research has established a strong correlation between negative emotional states and the development of cardiovascular problems. Depression is considered a significant risk factor, leading to higher rates of mortality from heart disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
Long-term stress can lead to a range of physical and psychological symptoms, one of which is depression. Depression has been identified as a significant factor in elevating the risk for heart disease. Research suggests that the convergence of negative emotional states such as depression, anxiety, hostility, and trait anger can predict heart disease strongly when considered together. Moreover, individuals with depression have been found to be at greater risk of developing heart disease and have higher mortality rates compared to those without depression. The risk increases with the severity of depression, as studies have shown that depressed individuals have substantially higher death rates from cardiovascular problems.
The American Heart Association has even recognized depression as a risk factor for heart disease, recommending routine depression screening for heart disease patients. The biopsychosocial approach may offer a broader understanding of how stress and depression contribute to physical illnesses, including heart disease.