Final answer:
The fund Alistair has set aside is known as working capital, which is used for daily financial obligations and unexpected opportunities and can affect the business's credit standing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fund that is set aside by Alistair to finance the day-to-day activities of his business and to take care of unexpected opportunities is typically called working capital. This is an essential aspect of a business's finances as it ensures that the business can continue operating smoothly and can handle financial obligations in the short term. This fund also often contributes to the business's ability to obtain higher credit, as it demonstrates financial stability and the ability to manage cash flow effectively.
In the broader context of business financing, there are several means by which firms can raise financial capital to fund various projects, including from early-stage investors, by reinvesting profits, through borrowing, or by selling stock. A sole proprietorship might rely on the owner's savings while larger firms may turn to sources such as angel investors, venture capital, or financial markets.