Final answer:
The pair of answers that best completes the top and middle arrows in the chart is: a) the bubonic plague severely reduced the population of Europe; higher demand for labor increased wages and prices, leading to a market economy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pair of answers that best completes the top and middle arrows in the chart is: a) the bubonic plague severely reduced the population of Europe; higher demand for labor increased wages and prices, leading to a market economy.
This is because the bubonic plague, also known as the Black Death, caused a significant decline in the population of Europe. This led to a scarcity of labor, which in turn increased the demand for labor. As a result, wages and prices rose, leading to the emergence of a market economy.
For example, with fewer people available to work, employers had to offer higher wages to attract workers. This increased demand for labor also led to an increase in prices, as businesses tried to cover their costs.