Final answer:
Nondisjunction in meiosis can result in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes. The student's scenario, where nondisjunction occurs, typically results in four unique cells with varying chromosome counts, reflecting the potential outcomes when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids do not separate correctly.
Step-by-step explanation:
When non-disjunction occurs during meiosis, the resulting cells will not have the normal haploid number of chromosomes. Nondisjunction can occur at two different stages of meiosis, either in meiosis I, where homologous chromosomes fail to separate, or in meiosis II, where sister chromatids fail to separate. If nondisjunction occurs in meiosis I, all resulting gametes will be affected because the pairs of homologous chromosomes go to one cell or the other improperly.
If nondisjunction happens during meiosis II, two of the four gametes will have the correct number of chromosomes, while the other two will be abnormal, one with an extra chromosome (n+1) and one with one fewer (n-1). Based on the tree frog with a diploid number of 26 chromosomes, if nondisjunction occurs during meiosis I, the final answer is that two daughter cells will have 14 chromosomes (n+1) and two will have 12 chromosomes (n-1). This corresponds to option 'a' in the student's question.
Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is: a. Four unique cells will be produced. Two of the cells will contain 13 chromosomes, one will contain 14 chromosomes, and one will contain 12 chromosomes. This is a result of nondisjunction in meiosis I, where homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly.