Final answer:
A dystopia is best exemplified by a society where the government heavily restricts individual freedoms and career choices, as indicated in option b. Dystopian societies are characterized by totalitarian traits such as state control and surveillance, contrasting with the freedoms enjoyed in democratic countries.
Step-by-step explanation:
An example of a dystopia would be option b: a society in which people are forced to follow certain career paths and are constantly watched by the government. This is because dystopian societies are characterized by an oppressive government that controls various aspects of citizens' lives, which corresponds to the form of the totalitarian government described in option b. In literature and political theory, dystopias are used to explore the consequences of authoritarian regimes and the loss of individual rights, often serving as a warning or critique of such governance. The definition of dystopia includes features such as government surveillance, lack of personal freedoms, and imposition of determined life paths, all of which align well with the scenario presented in option b.
Countries like North Korea are modern real-world examples of dystopian-like conditions due to their intense government monitoring, lack of democratic freedoms, and severe penalties for dissent. These traits starkly contrast with the welfare states or democratic societies, which offer citizens greater freedoms and protections, promoting a more utopian vision where individual aspirations can be pursued without draconian restrictions.