Final answer:
A short-term goal is achieved in less than or up to 1 year. This definition is aligned with the typical goal-achievement timelines in contemporary society, indicating a shift from immediate, short-lived goals toward those requiring longer-term planning.
Step-by-step explanation:
A short-term goal is typically defined as an objective that can be achieved in a relatively short period. Referring to the options provided, the correct answer to the question 'A short-term goal takes how long to achieve?' is C. less than or up to 1 year. This conforms to common definitions of short-term goals, which are intended to be accomplished within a shorter time frame, generally spanning from a few days up to a year. This is contrasted with long-term goals which often span several years.
In the context of psychosocial changes, it is observed that goal-achievement cycles have lengthened as society has evolved. Where once goals in the natural environment were set for immediate needs within hours or days, modern society often sets goals that require years of dedication to achieve – signifying a substantial shift in planning and expectations.