Final answer:
The formation of the Whigs and Democrats was a consequence of the conflict between a)Adams and Jackson, reflecting differing ideologies on federal government's role and economic policies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conflict between a) Adams and Jackson led to the formation of new political parties, the Whigs and the Democrats. While the debates about the powers of the federal government, economic policies, and the vision for America's future fueled these political divides, it was particularly the contrasting views and policies of Andrew Jackson that shaped the divisions marking the second party system.
The Democrats, forming in 1828, supported Jackson's ethos of a government that reflected the majority's will and addressed the concerns of the common citizen with minimal federal interference. On the other hand, the Whigs, establishing themselves in 1834, advocated for a more significant role of the federal government in promoting economic growth, demonstrating a preference for nationalist economic policies.
This era saw the political landscape mold around these two dominant parties, engaging with issues such as territorial expansion and economic crises against the backdrop of a rapidly changing American society politically, economically, and socially.