Final answer:
Carl Sauer is most likely to criticize theories based on environmental determinism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Environmental determinism is a theory that suggests that the physical environment, such as climate and geographical conditions, determines the development of societies and cultures. Critics of this theory argue that it overlooks the role of human agency and cultural factors in shaping societies. Among the given options, Carl Sauer is most likely to criticize theories based on environmental determinism. Sauer was an influential geographer who emphasized the importance of human factors in shaping cultural landscapes and rejected environmental determinism.