Final Answer:
The primary effect on the body when an EMT assists a patient with a prescribed inhaler if the patient is short of breath is C. Dilation of the air passages.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an individual is experiencing shortness of breath, it often indicates a constriction of the air passages. In the context of using a prescribed inhaler, the active ingredient, typically a bronchodilator such as albuterol, works to relax and widen the smooth muscles of the airways. This dilation allows for increased airflow and improved oxygen exchange in the lungs, addressing the underlying cause of the breathing difficulty.
The mechanism of action involves the stimulation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle. When the bronchodilator binds to these receptors, it activates an enzyme called adenylate cyclase, leading to the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels result in the relaxation of the smooth muscle, causing the air passages to dilate. This physiological response reduces airway resistance and enables the patient to breathe more easily.
In emergency medical situations, such as those attended to by EMTs, prompt administration of bronchodilators can be crucial. This dilation effect not only alleviates the immediate distress of the patient but also improves overall oxygenation, aiding in the stabilization of vital signs. It is important for EMTs to recognize the signs of respiratory distress, assess the appropriateness of using an inhaler, and administer it correctly to optimize its bronchodilatory effects.