Final answer:
The first step an EMT should take when helping to set up an IV administration set is to take out and inspect the fluid bag to ensure its sterility and integrity. So, the correct option is A. take out and inspect the fluid bag.
Step-by-step explanation:
If an EMT is enlisted to help set up the IV administration set, the first step is to take out and inspect the fluid bag.
This ensures the sterility and integrity of the fluid that will be administered to the patient.
This step is crucial as it establishes a baseline of safety before proceeding with the intricate process of setting up an IV line, which includes selecting the proper administration set, making sure the flow regulator is closed, and connecting the extension set to the administration set.
When setting up the IV, the practitioner must also remember to place the IV bag adequately above the patient to ensure proper flow due to gravity.
For example, the IV bag must be placed at least 0.24 m above the entry point into the arm for the fluid to just enter the arm, though it is usually placed higher.
It contrasts with the blood collection process, where the bag is placed below the donor.
Implementing a checklist, similar to the one proposed by Dr. Pronovost for ICU doctors when inserting a central intravenous line, would help EMTs and other healthcare providers ensure all necessary steps are followed accurately. It is also essential to note that an EMT may be required to perform a dilution calculation when preparing an IV solution. This involves combining a stock solution, such as a concentrated sterile solution of KCl, with a sterile IV fluid to achieve the correct dilution for patient administration.
Therefore, the correct option is A. take out and inspect the fluid bag.