Final answer:
The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain, resulting from agricultural efficiency and labor surplus, and led to Great Britain's 19th-century dominance due to its early adoption of industrial technologies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain towards the end of the 18th century. Britain's large population fed by more efficient agriculture and the commercialization of farming practices led to a surplus of labor, which in turn laid the groundwork for the rise of factories.
The revolution spread throughout Europe and into the United States, changing the landscape with new technologies like the steam engine, power loom, and steam locomotive. Consequently, Great Britain became the most powerful nation in Europe during the 19th century due to its pioneering role in industrialization.