Final answer:
The attainment of goals such as improved trade relations, enhanced economic opportunities, and reduced trade restrictions would benefit English merchants trading with China by facilitating smoother trade, diversifying goods and services, and increasing trade volumes and profitability.
Step-by-step explanation:
If the goals mentioned had been attained, they would have had a significant impact on the situation of English merchants trading with China. Improved trade relations with China (B) would likely have facilitated smoother interactions between English merchants and their Chinese counterparts, possibly leading to better-negotiated terms, trust, and ease of trade.
Moreover, the enhanced economic opportunities (C) seems plausible as English merchants could diversify the goods and services traded, tap into new markets, and perhaps forge beneficial partnerships. Lastly, reduced trade restrictions (D) would have allowed for a wider array of goods to be traded with fewer taxes or tariffs, thereby broadening trade volumes and increasing profitability for the English merchants.