Final answer:
The most important factors for seed survival and growth in a new environment include moisture, temperature, soil quality, and light. Environmental factors like vernalization and scarification affect seed germination. Seed dispersal is essential for plant species success and fruits have adaptations to aid this process.
Step-by-step explanation:
Seeds are an essential part of a plant's lifecycle, as they contain the plant embryo that, under the right conditions, will grow into a new plant. The evolution of the seed was critical for plant success because it enables the embryo to survive harsh conditions. For seed survival and growth, the most important aspects of a new environment include availability of water (for germination), appropriate temperatures, soil quality, and the right amount of light.
Different environmental factors such as moisture, temperature, and light play a significant role in the germination and growth of seeds. For example, some seeds require vernalization (cold treatment) before they can germinate, ensuring that growth does not occur until favorable conditions return in the spring. Certain seeds from plants in hot climates may need a heat treatment to properly germinate. Mechanisms like scarification help in breaking down the seed coat to promote germination.
In terms of seed dispersal, evolutionary traits have allowed plants to spread their seeds over wide areas. Fruits, for instance, are adapted to disperse seeds by mechanisms such as wind dispersal or being consumed by animals, thus aiding in the vast dispersal which is beneficial for plants to colonize new areas and avoid competition.