Final answer:
The Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 was an effort by European powers to avoid going to war by peacefully dividing control of Africa among themselves.
Step-by-step explanation:
The event that took place in an effort to avoid going to war over land/territory was the Berlin Conference. The purpose of the 1884–1885 Berlin Conference was to decide which European countries possessed different parts of Africa. This gathering was a diplomatic effort by European powers to peacefully divide Africa among them without resorting to war.
By contrast, the Treaty of Nanking ended the First Opium War and ceded Hong Kong to Britain; the Boxer Rebellion was a violent uprising against foreign influence in China, which ultimately resulted in intervention by international forces and the imposition of the Boxer Protocol on China; and the Opium Wars were conflicts triggered by disputes over trade, particularly of opium, between China and western powers.