Final answer:
Ancient civilizations made significant contributions to science, mathematics, and the arts. The Greeks, Islamic scholars, and Renaissance thinkers played critical roles in advancing knowledge in various fields.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question is Ancient Civilizations and their contributions to various aspects of science and the arts.
During the Greek Classical period, art, literature, philosophy, science, and mathematics flourished. The Greeks made significant contributions in medicine, mathematics, and astronomy. They also developed the concept of the earth as round and the modern numeral system, including the concept of zero.
In the Islamic world, advancements in mathematics, medicine, physics, and biology were recorded and disseminated. They developed concepts such as quasi-crystalline geometry and the decimal positional number system. This period also saw the translation of influential works by Greek thinkers into Arabic, preserving them for future study.
The Renaissance period in Europe witnessed the expansion of human knowledge in fields such as anatomy, mathematics, literature, and geography. Artists, scientists, and philosophers of this time contributed to the growth of science through their discoveries and inventions.