Final answer:
The colors on the periodic table indicate different characteristics of the elements, including their classification as a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal and their state of matter at room temperature.
Step-by-step explanation:
The colors on the periodic table indicate different characteristics of the elements. The background color of each element denotes its classification as a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal. The element symbol color shows whether the element is a solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature.