Question

Cells synthesize new molecules of proteins, allowing the cells to complete reactions. The process of synthesizing a protein involves:

a) translating most of the cell's messenger RNA into DNA and destroying the remaining mRNA
b) translating amino acids into DNA and allowing the DNA to form into a double helix
c) transcribing DNA into messenger RNA and translating messenger RNA into amino acids
d) transcribing RNA into DNA and stimulating the cell to split into two

Answer 1

The process of synthesizing a protein involves: c) transcribing DNA into messenger RNA and translating messenger RNA into amino acids

Step-by-step explanation:

In the process of synthesizing a protein, the key steps involve transcription and translation. First, the information encoded in the DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. This process is known as transcription and is facilitated by RNA polymerase. The newly formed mRNA carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Next, in the translation process, the ribosomes read the mRNA sequence in sets of three nucleotides called codons. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome, and the amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain, eventually folding into a functional protein.

The overall process can be summarized as follows:

`\[ \text{DNA} \xrightarrow{\text{Transcription}} \text{mRNA} \xrightarrow{\text{Translation}} \text{Protein} \]`

(Option c) accurately describes the sequential events involved in protein synthesis. Transcription converts DNA to mRNA, and translation involves the conversion of mRNA to amino acids, leading to the synthesis of proteins essential for cellular functions.