Final answer:
The belief in a theocracy is not a belief of Calvinism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Calvinism, rooted in the teachings of John Calvin, revolves around predestination, strict moral codes, the idea that individuals must work diligently in service to God, and the notion of equality among people. However, the belief in a theocracy—where religious leaders hold political power—is not an inherent tenet of Calvinism. Instead, Calvinism historically emphasized the separation of church and state, believing in the authority of both but independent from each other.
Predestination is a core concept, asserting that God has already determined who will achieve salvation. The emphasis on a stringent moral code stems from the idea of living a righteous life in gratitude for God's grace. The doctrine encourages hard work and dedication in all endeavors as a form of worship. Equality is upheld through the belief that all individuals are equally subject to God's will, irrespective of social status or wealth.
Correct answer: c. the belief in a theocracy.