Final answer:
The president can directly appoint officials, issue executive orders, ensure law execution, and wage war, or persuade Congress to legislate on recommended bills. Congress limits and collaborates with executive actions through its constitutional powers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two courses of action the president can propose, as mentioned in the third excerpt, encompass direct presidential action, such as appointing officials, issuing executive orders, ensuring laws are faithfully executed, and waging war. The other course involves persuasion, where the president attempts to influence Congress to act by recommending bills and advocating for issues.
The role asserted for Congress and the president starts with the president setting the agenda, particularly in foreign policy and national security matters, where they may act unilaterally in certain instances. However, Congress retains substantial influence through its powers, including amendment, oversight, budget, and its constitutional authority over appointments, treaties, and war declarations. The balance of power necessitates a collaborative approach between the executive and legislative branches to decide and implement either the direct action preferred by the president or a more legislated approach involving persuasion and negotiation.