Final answer:
The DNA inherited from both biological parents is nuclear chromosomal DNA, which includes autosomes and one of the sex chromosomes (X or Y), ensuring genetic diversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of DNA inherited from both biological parents is nuclear chromosomal DNA. This form of DNA is distinct from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the specific inheritance patterns of sex chromosomes. Unlike mtDNA, which is exclusively inherited maternally, and Y-chromosome DNA, passed solely from father to son, nuclear chromosomal DNA encompasses a combination of genetic material from both the mother and the father.
In humans, the nuclear chromosomal DNA includes autosomes, which are non-sex chromosomes, and sex chromosomes (X or Y). During the process of fertilization, an individual inherits one set of chromosomes from the mother and one set from the father, contributing to the genetic diversity within the population. This genetic recombination, facilitated by the shuffling of genetic material through processes like crossing over during meiosis, results in a unique combination of alleles in each individual.
While X-chromosome DNA is indeed inherited from both parents, it is not the sole contributor to the nuclear chromosomal DNA inherited from both biological parents. The entire set of autosomes and sex chromosomes collectively constitutes the nuclear chromosomal DNA inherited through sexual reproduction. This intricate process of genetic recombination and assortment during fertilization ensures that individuals inherit a diverse combination of genetic material from their biological parents, contributing to the rich variability observed within the human population.