Final answer:
The persistence of Peronism in Argentina was evident due to social unrest, political support for Peronism, and economic instability. In the 1958 presidential elections, Arturo Frondizi was elected.
Step-by-step explanation:
The symptoms that made the persistence of Peronism evident on the Argentine political scene after the Aramburu government include social unrest, the continued political support for Peronism, and economic instability. These symptoms were a result of censorship, isolationism, repression of civil rights, and the economic struggles that Argentina faced in the international market competition for its wheat and beef, as well as high inflation and political scandals.
When the military government called for presidential elections in 1958, the person who was elected was Arturo Frondizi. Despite the suppression of the Peronist movement following Peron's ouster in 1955, his influence remained significant, and Peronism continued to be a political force in Argentina.