Final answer:
In cell biology, 'function' refers to the specific job of a cell part. Each part, such as the nucleus, vacuoles, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplasts, and mitochondria, serves a specialized role in cell operation, supporting the overall health and activities within the cell.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term function in the context of cell biology refers to the specific job or role a cell part plays in supporting the life and activities of the cell. Here's a summary of cell parts matching the functions provided:
- a) Nucleus - Controls all cell activities.
- b) Vacuoles - Stores food, water, and waste.
- c) Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane) - Lets things in and out (selectively permeable).
- d) Cytoplasm - Fills the empty space.
- e) Cell Wall - Provides structure and support for a plant cell.
- f) Chloroplasts - Performs photosynthesis.
- g) Mitochondria - Creates energy for a cell.
A cell's organelles are vital to its ability to perform these functions. The nucleus acts as the control center, directing cell activities and housing DNA. The vacuoles provide storage for vital substances and waste, while the selectively permeable plasma membrane regulates the transport of nutrients and waste in and out of the cell. The cytoplasm forms the matrix of the cell, where other organelles reside, and the cell wall gives plant cells their shape and stability. Chloroplasts allow plant cells to harness solar energy to create food, and mitochondria generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell, through cellular respiration.