Final answer:
The American Reconstruction is best described as a partial revolution. Despite efforts for radical social change in areas of citizenship and equality, it faced substantial backlash and its progressive measures were not fully implemented, resulting in a legacy of poverty and racism. So, the correct answer is option b.
Step-by-step explanation:
The extent to which the American Reconstruction was considered a revolution can be understood by analyzing the changes and resistance during this period. The Reconstruction era did witness significant discussions on citizenship and equality, especially the attempts to realize the Declaration of Independence's principles of equality. It included measures for radical social change, such as securing citizenship for freed people and affecting the South's societal structures.
However, due to the violent backlash, sustained resistance, and eventual collapse of Reconstruction, the intended changes were not fully realized. It is also important to note that the period was marked by widespread poverty and persistent racism even after its end. Therefore, considering the mixed outcomes, it can be argued that Reconstruction was a partial revolution.
Looking at historical interpretations, some see the American Revolution and Reconstruction as a colonial rebellion with aims beyond just independence, involving a transformation of societal norms and government that rejected monarchy but did not fully embrace democracy. Others see the Revolution as a social upheaval and class conflict, with reforms that were significant yet did not entirely resolve issues like slavery and class inequality.